mushroom
Mushrooms belong to the kingdom of fungi and are considered living organisms. Contrary to what most people believe, mushrooms do not belong to plants, because they do not make their own food, but rather depend on organic materials and feed on them, so that fungi break down organic materials into simple materials, and fungi reproduce through sexual and asexual reproduction. Such as budding, simple division, and fragmentation. Some types of fungi live by thriving on the remains of organic materials in water and soil, while others live parasitizing plants, causing them many diseases. It is worth noting that there are types of mushrooms that are edible, such as some types of mushrooms, and other types. Toxic, should not be eaten.
The most important types of fungi that humans use as food are truffles, shiitake mushrooms, and certain types of mushrooms. One of the advantages of mushrooms is that they are easy to digest. They also reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood and are an important source of the B vitamin group that is beneficial to the body. The demand for them has increased due to their high nutritional value and distinctive taste. Mushrooms contain a high percentage of protein in addition to containing several mineral elements such as calcium and potassium. Phosphorus and other nutrients.
Projects have recently appeared for producing and cultivating mushrooms at home or in designated places due to their ease of cultivation and low cost compared to their high price. It is possible to grow mushrooms in different places while controlling lighting and temperature according to the type of mushroom being grown. For example, it is possible to grow mushrooms in dark rooms. Or in leveling houses, or even in a dark room inside the house. The floors and walls of the room used for cultivation must be free of cracks to avoid the presence of insects. There are several factors that must be present to grow mushrooms, which we will mention in detail:
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Cleanliness of the planting place
The place where we will plant must be completely clean, and the windows must be covered with metal mesh to avoid the entry of insects, and the place must be sterilized before using it to ensure it is completely clean.
temperature
The temperature of the place must be controlled according to the type of mushroom to be produced, as each type has a specific temperature. For example, the Fluorella (Chinese) mushroom needs a temperature ranging between thirty to thirty-five degrees Celsius, while the oyster needs a temperature of fifteen to twenty-five degrees Celsius.
Humidity of the place
The humidity of the place should range between eighty-five and ninety percent, and care must be taken that the humidity is not less than sixty percent so that the mushrooms do not dry out, and not more than ninety percent so that the mushrooms do not rot.
Ventilation
Ventilation is not important in the first week of growing mushrooms, but after that, ventilation must be good, so it is preferable to use a special extractor to ensure the success of the fruiting stage.
the light
Light is an important factor, so it is preferable for the light to be dim, and the mushrooms should not be exposed to direct sunlight.
How to grow mushrooms
- First, the growing environment is prepared by bringing straw or plant waste and adding five percent of the agarwood, then adding five percent of the agricultural gypsum that can be purchased from agricultural stores.
- The mixture is filled in plastic bags and soaked in barrels for three hours.
- Heat the barrels and leave them to boil for two hours.
- Remove the plastic bags and leave to cool completely.
- Plastic bags are prepared for planting by placing an amount of the environment that was prepared in advance, which must be ten centimeters high, and the seeds are sprinkled directly over the environment, then another layer of the environment is placed at a height of ten centimeters, then the seeds are sprinkled on top of it, then a layer of the environment is placed at a height of five centimeters.
- Close the plastic bag well and leave it for two to three weeks, until white parts begin to grow, then open the bag from the top only and leave it for a week.
- Slit the bag at the sides to allow the fungus to grow and emerge from the cracks.
- He picks the mushrooms and leaves the bag to produce new quantities of mushrooms.
