Computer's components

Computer components

The computer is divided into two main parts, the software part and the physical part. The software part is a part that cannot be touched or seen, while the physical part of the computer is all that can be touched from the computer components that perform a specific role and specific functions, and the software part cannot be separated from the physical part of the computer; The software part needs electronic parts in order to function, and the physical part also needs an operating system or code in order to work and perform its functions and role in the processing or storage process, and the software and physical parts of the computer are detailed as follows:

Software parts

They are the parts that cannot be touched in the computer, and the software parts are the main part that determines the nature of the work and use of the computer, and among the most famous operating systems are the Microsoft Windows operating system, the Mac system, and the Linux system, and the software parts are divided into two parts:

• Operating System: The operating system is known as the main program responsible for running all other programs and applications on the computer, that is, it is responsible for running sound programs, text editing, the Internet, and other programs, and the computer cannot be used without a specific operating system that allows the ability to interact with the computer. That is, the operating system is a graphical interface that acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer.
• Software and applications: Or the so-called end-user programs, through which the user can conduct research, write documents, create charts, design, play various games, and many other tasks that the user may perform, and these programs are divided into two types depending on their purpose, some of them are It is as simple as a calculator and as complex as a word processing program.

physical parts

output units

Among the most important output units that communicate with the computer are the following:

computer box

The computer case is one of the external parts of the computer (Computer Case), and it has other names such as the system unit, and the computer case has multiple functions, including:

• Containing the internal computer parts and installing them inside the computer.
• Protect the internal parts of the computer from weather and liquids, while not being able to tamper with it.
• Keeping the internal parts of the computer cool so that it does not overheat and malfunction.
• Reduce the disturbance caused by the sound of the fans.

the screen

The monitor is classified as an output device, as it is responsible for displaying information generated by a computer in the form of a video or image. OLED).

the printer

A printer is defined as a device for outputting information in the form of texts and graphics printed on paper. Printers differ from each other in several aspects such as size, speed, development, and cost. The dot-matrix printer is one of the most popular printers, as it is distinguished by its cost. Low, and other types of printers, such as: inkjet printer, and laser printer.

input units

Among the most important input units that communicate with the computer are the following:

• keyboard: The keyboard is classified as an input device, and is used to enter text and numeric information into the computer. The keyboard is also used to direct the computer to perform some actions by typing commands, often through shortcuts on the keyboard.
• mouse: (Mouse); It is a peripheral device that is used to send instructions from the user to the computer by moving the mouse cursor that deals with windows, files, and programs. The mouse often contains left and right buttons, and the mouse is used only in devices that contain the (GUI).
• Scanner: (scanner); It converts information on paper into digital information by capturing it as an image, where it is stored in the computer, and modified using specialized programs. The process of converting data using a scanner is characterized by being less expensive, more quality and reliable in transferring images.

Computer internal parts

Motherboard

The motherboard is the main board in the computer, and it has other names such as: the system board, the main board, and its main function is to provide a connection between the central processing unit and the random access memory, and between the rest of the other parts of the computer, and the motherboard has several types; Each type works with specific types of processors and memory modules.

CPU

The Central Processing Unit is the brain of the computer, as it is the part responsible for interpreting and executing most of the commands issued by programs and devices connected to the computer, and used in all modern electronic devices, and the Central Processing Unit (CPU) has two main components, which are as follows:

• Control unit: (CU); It is the component responsible for extracting instructions from memory, translating them, and executing them.
• arithmetic and logic unit: (ALU); It is the component responsible for correctly processing and solving arithmetic and logical operations.

power supply

The power supply is also called the power supply unit (PSU), and the power supply has multiple functions, including the following:

• Provides power to the computer.
• It draws the right amount of electric current and converts alternating current into direct current.
• Regulates voltage to eliminate surges from electrical systems.

Power supplies are classified based on the number of watts they generate, so the more powerful the computer, the more watts it provides.

hard drives

Hard drives are classified as the largest part of the internal parts of the computer, as they store data, such as: the operating system and most files, and some computers contain several letters for the drives, such as: (C, D, E) that represent partitions Disk drives, usually the operating system on the primary hard drive.

RAM

Random Access Memory is defined as the temporary storage unit in the computer, where the information stored in it is lost as soon as the computer is closed, and this memory is installed on the motherboard, and one or more slices can be installed on the motherboard, and there are two types of Random memory, namely: dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and fixed random access memory (SRAM), and it is common to use DRAM in personal computers; Because it is less expensive than SRAM, and information on DRAM needs to be constantly updated while storing it.

optical drives

Optical disc drives (ODD; Optical Disc Drives) use laser radiation transmission technology, and this technology is used to read and write data from optical discs, where it is possible to retrieve, modify and delete data, and examples of optical discs include the following: (CD, dvd, Blu-ray ).