The gases that make up the sun
The sun is known as a huge and glowing star of hot gas, as most of this gas consists of hydrogen by approximately 70%, and helium by 28%, in addition to that it consists of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon by 1.5%, while the remaining 0.5% constitute small amounts. from other elements; such as: neon, iron, silicon, magnesium, and sulfur, and it is worth noting that the sun shines due to the conversion of hydrogen gas into helium gas, through the process of nuclear fusion that occurs in the very hot core, and thus the sun contains less hydrogen and more helium with the passing of time due to this process.
The components of the sun from the inside
The researchers determined that the sun consists of six components; It starts from its center, which is called the nucleus (in English: core), or the heart, which has a high temperature, and the radiation zone surrounds the nucleus (in English: radiation zone), which retains energy for long periods of time, and the radiation zone is surrounded by a physical zone called the convection zone. zone), while outside this region there are three layers of the solar atmosphere; The closest of these layers to the sun is the photosphere, which can be seen by humans from Earth. The other two layers are: the chromosphere and the corona.
Nuclear fusion
The process of nuclear fusion takes place inside the core of the sun by creating high temperature and pressure due to gravitational forces, so that the temperature reaches approximately 15 million degrees Celsius. During this process, hydrogen atoms are compressed and combined together in order to produce helium. The atoms are divided into charged particles, and thus the gas is converted into plasma, and then the energy, which is gamma-ray photons and neutrinos, is carried to the radiation zone, and these photons can bounce back for a few thousand and even about a million years before they reach the surface.
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