Types of protocols

Protocol

The word protocol generally refers to an agreement, or a specific system, and there are many protocols, some of which are political, and some are diplomatic, but the word is famous for referring to Internet protocols, which is a set of rules that are followed during the communication process across different networks.

Types of protocols

The network through which communication takes place consists of several functional layers, and in each layer there is a set of protocols that organize and control its work, so that it prepares the data and delivers it to the higher layer in the case of transmission, and there is something opposite to it on the other side to decipher these additions, and restore the data to its place natural, and then delivered to the future, including:

TCP/IP protocol stack

It includes a set of protocols, including:

• File Transfer Protocol (FTP): This protocol is used to transfer data between sender and receiver over the Internet.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): This protocol transmits Internet texts programmed in HTML, which is a language specialized in programming Internet pages, meaning that data is transmitted from the server to the client using browsers, and it also includes high-level programming commands, such as the command (Get), which fetches data from the server, and the (Put) command that sends data to the server. Sites that use these commands are called interactive sites, and it is also able to display images, even if this protocol supports security, meaning that data is transmitted over the Internet encrypted. In one of the encryption methods, so that it prevents any spy from understanding its content if accessed is called the protocol (HTTPS).
• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP): It is the protocol responsible for clarifying errors. When the router is unable to transmit the transmitted data packet, it sends a message to the sender explaining that it could not be sent.
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): This protocol is used to translate the address carried by the message into a physical address for delivery.
• Internet Time Protocol (NTP): Used to set the time between connected devices.
• DHCP Host Configuration Protocol: This protocol works on servers, and distributes IP addresses to all devices connected to this server, without the network administrator having to distribute them to each device separately.

UDP protocol stack

It is called the undocumented communication protocol, meaning that it does not require the establishment of an actual connection between the devices that want to communicate, and therefore does not verify whether or not the data has arrived, unlike the first type of protocols, and therefore it is simpler, less complex, and can be used when sending data group, or when a high-speed connection is needed, without giving importance to the accuracy and integrity of the data.