CPU components

CPU

Central Processing Unit, abbreviated as CPU, and sometimes known as the processor, and is classified as one of the basic components of a computer; It is responsible for interpreting the instructions given to the computer and processing the data contained in the software.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is one of the most important components of a microcomputer, along with the main memory and input and output units as well. It is indicated that it is manufactured using the so-called integrated circuits and microprocessors since the seventies of the twentieth century.

technology; The term central processing unit refers to a number of logical machines that put a number of complex computer programs into effect, and these processors in their recent era limited implementation to a number of specific applications without others, as they are very expensive; However, with the technological progress that the world has witnessed, horizons have been opened for lower-priced processors.

CPU components

The central processing unit consists of basic components, which are:

The unit of arithmetic and logic

The Arithmetic and Logic Unit, or ALU, occupies a place at the heart of the CPU in the form of a digital circuit, and is responsible for performing all basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication.

It should be noted that this unit relies only on the addition process to obtain the results of the arithmetic operations regardless of the existing arithmetic operation, and this is also through logical operations as in the case of (OR, AND, XOR), and it makes comparisons between the results to reach the result required or correct. The arithmetic and logic unit is divided into a number of parts, namely:

• Floating point unit: It is difficult for the processor to perform arithmetic operations in the presence of a floating point, that is, those that contain a decimal point, due to the need for a large amount of processing power to calculate them, and the floating point unit comes for the purposes of executing and performing these operations.
• Integer unit: It is the unit responsible for performing arithmetic operations that contain integers, and is the most important unit in most software.
• Loggers: The structure of the recorders varies between computers, as a number of them include a set of general purpose recorders, and others include recorders for special purposes. The difference between general and special purpose recorders is that general recorders can be used for any purpose without being limited to a specific purpose, while special recorders are restricted to a specific function and not others.

Control unit

Control Unit, abbreviated as CU, and this basic component of the central processing unit is responsible for recalling the instructions entered into the computer and stored in the main memory, which in turn decodes them for execution, and ultimately works to carry the results and transfer them to the main memory in the computer after being processed in the CPU registers.