Definition of business administration

Business management (in English: Business Management) is an expression of the administrative method or behavior that contributes to applying control and supervising the work of an establishment. Business management is defined as the management applied within all areas of business, and aims to bring together many people in order to reach the goals. required effectively. Another definition of business management is management that is concerned with determining the goals and objectives of the business and seeks to achieve them. The task of business management is to apply leadership, organization, control, and planning.

Characteristics of business management

Business management is characterized by a set of characteristics:

It is one of the natural functions in human societies. Because it is linked to achieving collective and individual goals.
It is a public activity; It is found within all human activities, and is applied to all types of business for large or small enterprises, and management principles are used in all production, financing, and marketing activities.
Business administration is an art and science.

Business administration jobs

Business administration is concerned with implementing a set of functions that represent the activities that managers are required to implement in order to contribute to achieving the organization’s organizational goals. In general, business administration functions consist of five basic functions:

Planning (in English: Planning): It is the process used to determine the activities that will be achieved later, and planning is considered the first administrative function. Because other management functions depend on it, planning includes defining the facility’s future vision, setting short- and long-term goals, formulating growth strategies, monitoring costs, studying operational plans, and other components.
Organizing: It is one of the administrative functions. It aims to determine the tasks that must be implemented. It is also concerned with classifying activities and dividing them into small jobs, and then determines the relationship between responsibility and authority when making administrative decisions. The organization is keen to implement plans at the lowest possible costs. By using appropriate methods.
Recruitment: It is one of the administrative functions that is concerned with monitoring the workforce. With the aim of recruiting them, training them, selecting them, promoting them, determining their wages, and other matters related to employment.
Directing: It is one of the administrative functions that depends on the manager’s role by directing and leading employees at work. In order to achieve goals that help reach the interests of the facility, guidance also depends on strengthening communication between the manager and employees. With the aim of issuing instructions and obtaining feedback that helps in supervising the work.
Controlling: It is the administrative function that depends on setting appropriate standards to measure continuous performance and actual performance. With the aim of finding the differences between them to take appropriate measures to correct them; Which contributes to achieving the required goals.

Administrative levels

A set of administrative levels are applied in various establishments, and are divided into three types:

Higher Management: It is the department that contains managers who have the authority to control the organization, and these managers must work long working hours. In order to formulate strategies, implement complex tasks and functions, they are also keen to represent the organization in conferences and meetings, and senior management often consists of the CEO, the Board of Directors, the Director of Operations, the Director of Finance, and the manager responsible for the strategies of the senior management.
Middle management: It is the administration that contains managers who have responsibility for implementing the main policies and strategies that upper management has worked on formulating. Middle management is also concerned with supervising managers at the lower level, sets operational and tactical plans, monitors quality, follows up on inventory, and minor issues within the organization, and often constitutes Middle management: the factory manager, and heads of departments, departments, and projects.
Lower management: It is the administration that constitutes office managers, supervisors, assistant managers, and chief employees (workers), and most managers in middle and upper departments were in the past within this administrative level. As for the tasks of lower management managers, they include carrying out work most of the time, and motivating... Employees contribute to solving daily problems and answering various questions.

Administrative schools

Many schools of thought have been interested in studying administrative thought, and various fields of management in general, and the following is information about the most important of these schools:

School of Scientific Management: It is one of the first schools of management, and is also known as the scientific management movement. It was given various names such as management of the required work, management of workshops, and the Taylor system after the scientist and administrative thinker Frederick Taylor. This school is defined as a set of laws and principles that lead to achieving the employer’s requests. employees, consumers, and it is also considered a type of art because of its dealing with human elements on whom it is not possible to completely monitor them, or predict the nature of their behavior accurately.
School of Human Relations: It is an administrative school that expresses a specific trend that relies on treating administrative issues based on maturity and the perspective of reason. It is also keen to emphasize the behavioral aspects of groups. This school looks at individuals not only as members of a rational organization, but also as belonging to social groups that have emerged in the future. Automatic in work, and has its own standards and values.
Behavioral school: It is a type of administrative school, also known as modern theory, and its thinkers were more interested in factors that the traditional school did not care about than in determining the forms and directions that can be taken and applied.
Decision making school: It is an administrative school founded by the thinker Herbert Simon. He was interested in analyzing and studying decision-making among managers. With the aim of following up on the elements related to building the production chain, and distributing tasks among the stakeholders in its industry, good management requires making the right decisions, and this depends on the presence of a person interested in administrative organization, and possessing a set of appropriate tools to process the information he possesses.