cows
Cows are considered ruminant mammals that live in nature in the form of groups, but humans were able to domesticate them and raise them on farms, because they represent great wealth in all their cases. They have been used since ancient times for plowing, rotating the mill, and running waterwheels, in addition to eating their meat. Its milk is used to make cheese, yogurt, and butter from it. Its skins are also used in making clothes, shoes, and bags. Its fat is used in the production of soap, and its dung is used to fertilize the land. As for the dried dung, it is used for heating in the winter and in cooking stoves.
What covers a cow's body?
Cows have strong bodies and this appears when they are fully grown. Most cows reach a height of approximately one and a half metres, and weigh between four hundred and nine hundred kilograms. Their bodies are covered with a layer of hair whose color is between black and white, or red, and there are some that are covered with fur of varying colours. Most cows have short hair, which becomes thicker in the winter.
Cow teeth
The number of cows' teeth reaches thirty-two, eight of which are in the front of the lower jaw, twelve in the back, and twelve in the back of the upper jaw. Cows cannot gnaw grass because they do not have incisor teeth in the front of their upper jaw, so they must cut the grass and then regurgitate it.
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Cow horns
The cow's horns are hollow in shape and not branched. There are cows that are born without horns, and they are called "jammah" or "jalamah." The horns are also removed through the use of chemicals, or through a hot rod, or a cutting machine. These horns are disposed of when the calf is old. Less than three weeks.
Cow stomach
The cow's stomach consists of four parts: the rumen, the hood, the umbilical cord, and the rennet, which makes it regurgitate its food, that is, return it to its mouth after swallowing it to be chewed again. When the cow eats food, she first chews it in a way that enables her to swallow it only, then it passes through the esophagus to the stomach. In the first, there it is mixed and cut into small pieces. Then it moves to the second stomach, where it is broken down again. After that, the liquids and foods move to the bottom. In the third stomach, most of the water is absorbed, then the food goes to the fourth stomach, and the walls of the fourth stomach secrete digestive juices. The food is digested again, and the fourth stomach is the real one because it functions in the same way as the equipment of non-ruminant animals. Finally, the food goes to the intestine, and there the process of absorption and digestion is completed.
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