Diamond
Known in English as (Diamond), it is a type of gemstone, and its original name goes back to the word Adamas, which is a Greek word, meaning hard and strong stone. Diamonds are transparent, and light passes through them, and there are many types of them, which are characterized by their beautiful colors, such as: blue, green, and yellow, and they are weighted based on the carat scale, and they are considered minerals that are difficult to obtain easily, so they are described as a rare mineral, for this reason. The reason is that the price of one piece of diamond is very high, compared to other precious stones.
diamond properties
Some of the characteristics of diamonds are:
- Most diamonds are found deep in the earth.
- It can be obtained from sediments collected at river waters.
- It can exist with other metals, such as: gold.
- It is one of the strong stones, which cannot be broken.
- It is classified as non-conductive stones, but it produces an electric charge.
diamond types
Diamonds have a range of types, including:
Diamond Jubilee
This diamond was discovered in 1895 AD, and its weight after polishing reaches 245 carats. It was used by Queen Victoria of England in 1897 AD, and in 1930 AD it was sold to a jewelry exhibition in London, and its color is classified within the dark colors.
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It was discovered in South Africa, at the beginning of the diamond excavations. An English merchant bought it and sold it to a jewelry fair in South Africa. It weighs 47.75 carats after polishing. It was bought by a wealthy woman for $125.
Florentine diamond
It is also called the Austrian yellow diamond. It is one of the most beautiful diamonds in the world. It was discovered in India. Its weight after polishing reaches 137 carats. It is distinguished by its color that mixes yellow and green. It was bought by a wealthy family in the city of Florence in Italy, and then acquired by the King of Austria. It is still in his palace.
Shah diamond
Opinions suggest that this diamond was discovered for the first time in India, in 1665 AD, and it contains archaeological writings, especially for two rulers from India and the kings of Persia, namely: Burhan Shah, Shah Jahan, and Fath Ali Shah, and its weight after polishing reaches 88 carats, and this diamond is found Today in the Kremlin Palace in Russia.
Masa Clinan
It is also called the Star of Africa, and it is the largest type of diamond discovered in the world, and it was discovered in South Africa, in 1905 AD, and its weight was very large compared to other types of diamonds, and it was presented as a gift to the King of England, Edward VII, and this diamond was divided into several pieces It weighs 2.530 carats after polishing.
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It was discovered in India, in the year 1701 AD, and was owned by the ruler of Madras, William Pitt, and its weight after polishing reached 140 carats, and then William sold it in the year 1717 AD to France, but it was stolen, and France was able to retrieve it again.
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Diamonds are classified into groups of color grades, and the degree of the diamond is determined, its purity, and the appropriate method for polishing it, in order to maintain its quality, and among these grades:
- Grades (N - Z / K - M): It is a diamond with a noticeable color.
- Grades (J - I): It is a semi-colorless diamond, i.e. its color is dim.
- Grades (HG): It is a semi-colourless diamond, i.e. it is difficult to detect its hue.
- Grades (EF): It is a colorless diamond, but it is possible to detect a very small part of its color.
- Grade (D): It is a colorless diamond.
